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Refrigeration best practices
IceSquare guides for designing, installing, operating and servicing refrigeration equipment. Learn what to measure, how to interpret readings and what to record at each stage.
Natural refrigerants
CO₂ (R744) refrigeration pressure and safety
CO₂ (R744) is a natural A1 refrigerant used in booster systems, cascades and heat pumps. Its pressures are managed with components rated for each section, pressure controls and protection for running and standstill conditions.
Read guide ↗Natural refrigerants
R290 propane refrigerant applications, charge and safety
IceSquare manufactures chillers with R290, refrigerant-grade propane, for process cooling and chilled water. Our typical configurations carry up to 6.5 kg. The model data sheet confirms the charge and how it is distributed across circuits.
Read guide ↗Installation
How to triple-evacuate a refrigeration system
Triple evacuation uses three vacuum pulls and two breaks with dry nitrogen. It helps remove air and moisture before charging, after the circuit has passed its leak test.
Read guide ↗Troubleshooting
What superheat is and why it matters in refrigeration
Superheat is the number of degrees a vapor is above its saturation temperature at the measured pressure. It helps assess evaporator feed and the risk of liquid refrigerant returning to the compressor.
Read guide ↗Troubleshooting
What subcooling is and how to measure it
Subcooling is the number of degrees a liquid is below its saturation temperature. It helps assess whether the refrigerant has enough margin to reach the expansion valve as liquid.
Read guide ↗Quality
Leak testing a refrigeration system
A leak test checks whether the circuit holds pressure and helps locate leaks before evacuation and charging. The test criteria depend on the equipment, the section under test and its components.
Read guide ↗Manufacturing
Clean brazing for refrigeration piping
A sound joint starts with tube preparation. Clean piping depends on both the surfaces where the filler flows and the inside of the circuit.
Read guide ↗Piping design
Refrigerant piping velocity and pressure drop
Check pipe diameter at both ends of the load range. At minimum load, suction gas must carry oil back to the compressor. At maximum load, pressure drop must stay within the design allowance.
Read guide ↗Capacity control
Benefits of variable-speed compressors
A compressor with a drive adjusts its capacity to demand within an approved range. In systems with changing loads, modulation can stabilize suction pressure and reduce start-stop cycling.
Read guide ↗Field installation
Field piping installation and compressor oil return
Some oil circulates with the refrigerant. The piping layout, especially on the suction side, must allow oil to return to the compressor under the intended operating conditions.
Read guide ↗